Mr. Kramer has extensive government experience. From March 1996 to February 2001, he served as the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. As Assistant Secretary, Mr. Kramer was in charge of formulating and implementing international defense and political-military policy, with worldwide responsibilities, including Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. From January to March 1996, while awaiting Senate confirmation, he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for European and NATO Affairs. From 1977 to 1981, Mr. Kramer served at the Department of Defense as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (1979-1981) and as Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (1977-1979).

Mr. Kramer is Associate Chair of Ashoka Innovators for the Public and of Counsel to the Washington, DC, law firm of Shea & Gardner. He is on the Strategic Advisory Council for Lockheed Martin Corporation, on the Board of Directors of Liquidity Services, Inc., and on the Board of Trustees of ANSER. He is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Naval Analyses and a principal on the Council for Excellence in Government. He is Chairman of the Board of Directors of the World Affairs Council of Washington, DC, and he has been its president. He is an advisory board member for the Center for National Policy, a member of the Technical Advisory Committee for the Center for Naval Analyses' Strategic Policy Analysis Group, and a member of the International Institute of Strategic Studies.

Mr. Kramer has received the Department of Defense Distinguished Public Service Award, which is DoD's highest civilian award, on three occasions. He received the Order of National Security Merit, Gungseon Medal, from the Republic of Korea and the Knight Grand Cross (First Class), Most Noble Order of Crown of Thailand. The Government of Poland and the Government of Hungary presented him with special awards for his role in bringing them into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Mr. Kramer received his B.A. degree cum laude from Yale University in 1967 and earned his Juris Doctor degree magna cum laude from Harvard Law School in 1971. From 1970 to 1971, he was Executive Editor of the Harvard Law Review. From 1971 to 1972, he was clerk to the Honorable J. Edward Lumbard of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.